How can you choose the right fire extinguisher for your facility?

1 Classes of fire

Fires are categorized into five distinct classes based on the type of fuel and the characteristics of the combustion. These categories are Class A, which involves ordinary combustible materials like wood, paper, cloth, or plastic; Class B, which consists of flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline, oil, paint, or alcohol; Class C, which involves energized electrical equipment like wires, appliances, or circuit breakers; Class D, which comprises of combustible metals like magnesium, aluminum, or titanium; and finally Class K, which covers cooking oils or fats such as vegetable oil, animal fat, or grease. Each class of fire needs its own specific type of fire extinguisher to put it out safely and effectively.

2 Types of fire extinguishers

Fire extinguishers are labeled with letters and symbols to indicate the classes of fire they can handle. The most common types of fire extinguishers are water, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, metal/sand, and wet chemical. Water extinguishers use pressurized water to cool and smother Class A fires, but not for Class B, C, D, or K fires. Dry chemical extinguishers use a powder to create a barrier between the fuel and oxygen, thus being effective for Class A, B, and C fires. Carbon dioxide extinguishers use carbon dioxide gas to displace the oxygen and suffocate the fire, working on Class B and C fires. Metal/sand extinguishers use a special agent to smother and isolate Class D fires; however, they are not effective for other classes. Finally, wet chemical extinguishers use a liquid that reacts with cooking oil or fat to create a foam layer that prevents re-ignition; they are suitable for Class K fires but not for Class A, B, C, or D.

3 Factors to consider

When selecting the right fire extinguisher for your facility, it is essential to consider the potential fire hazards present, the size and capacity of the fire extinguisher, the maintenance and inspection requirements, and the training and awareness of your staff. Conduct a risk assessment to identify sources and types of fuel that could cause a fire. Select an appropriate fire extinguisher for each area based on the classes of fire that could occur. Choose a fire extinguisher that is large enough to handle the expected size of the fire but light enough to be carried and operated by staff. Ensure that your fire extinguishers are properly maintained and inspected by following manufacturer's instructions and relevant standards. Provide adequate training and awareness to your staff on how to use the fire extinguishers safely and effectively. Post clear signs in your facility indicating where to find and how to operate the fire extinguishers. By understanding these factors, you can ensure that your facility is prepared for any potential fire emergencies.

4 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?