How can you balance frequent backups with associated costs in DBMS recovery?

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Backups are essential for any database management system (DBMS) to ensure data availability and integrity in case of failures, disasters, or human errors. However, backups also incur costs in terms of storage space, network bandwidth, and performance overhead. How can you balance frequent backups with associated costs in DBMS recovery? Here are some tips to help you optimize your backup strategy.

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Kabilesh P.R

Founding Partner, Mydbops - Delivering expert database management | First TIDB Certified DBA in India | ScyllaDB |…
Subhash Chandra

Architecting the Future of Data | Cloud Database Leader (AWS, GCP, Azure) | Security & Scalability at the Forefront

1 Backup types

Different types of backups have different advantages and disadvantages in terms of speed, size, and recovery time. Full backups capture the entire state of the database at a point in time, but they are slow, large, and infrequent. Incremental backups capture only the changes since the last full or incremental backup, but they are fast, small, and frequent. Differential backups capture only the changes since the last full backup, but they are faster and smaller than full backups, but slower and larger than incremental backups. You should choose the backup type that best suits your recovery objectives and resources.

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Subhash Chandra

Architecting the Future of Data | Cloud Database Leader (AWS, GCP, Azure) | Security & Scalability at the Forefront
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RPO & Backup Frequency: Define acceptable data loss (RPO) and adjust the backup frequency accordingly. More frequent backups minimize data loss but increase costs. Backup Types: Utilize incremental/differential backups for smaller changes, reducing storage needs and costs. Compression: Compress backups to save storage space and potentially reduce network bandwidth requirements. Retention Policy: Determine how long backups need to be retained, balancing cost with recovery needs. Verification: Regularly verify backups to ensure their integrity and avoid wasted storage on corrupt data. By carefully considering these factors, you can achieve an optimal balance between frequent backups and associated costs in DBMS recovery.

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Fernando Simon

Oracle ACE Director ? | Database, Cloud, and Infrastructure Specialist | ExaCC, Exadata, ZDLRA, MAA Expert | SYM42 Member | LUXOUG Founder and Board Member
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There are several things to consider. For Oracle you can use technologies like Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance (ZDLRA) that will merge incremental backups with full backups. So, after the first full backup the incremental backups are used to generate "virtual full backups" and consequently you just need to continue to do incremental backups everyday to always have daily full backup. Storage snapshots can be considered to speed up backups and remove the load from the database doing the backup. But the need to be combined with archive logs and tail logs to guarantee integrity when you need to restore/recovery.

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2 Backup frequency

The frequency of backups depends on how often your data changes and how much data loss you can tolerate. The more frequently you backup, the less data you lose in case of a failure, but the more costs you incur. The less frequently you backup, the more data you risk losing, but the less costs you incur. You should determine the optimal backup frequency based on your recovery point objective (RPO), which is the maximum amount of data loss that is acceptable for your business.

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Kabilesh P.R

Founding Partner, Mydbops - Delivering expert database management | First TIDB Certified DBA in India | ScyllaDB | Cassandra | 3X AWS certified|OCP| RHCE
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Backup frequency has to be set according the RPO need of an organisation, More the backups closest recovery possible, but it can impact the performance. Below is the stand recommended backup strategy if we need to have multiple backups in a day Daily Full backup + Incremental backup + Log backup For MySQL Daily Full backup with Xtrabackup can in run in off-peak hours Incremental backup with Xtrabackup 6 hours once minimal impact as it backup changes post your full backup Log backup with Binlogs per hour

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3 Backup retention

The retention of backups determines how long you keep them before deleting or archiving them. The longer you retain backups, the more storage space you need, but the more recovery options you have. The shorter you retain backups, the less storage space you need, but the less recovery options you have. You should decide the optimal backup retention based on your recovery time objective (RTO), which is the maximum amount of time that is acceptable for your business to restore the database to a consistent state.

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Fernando Simon

Oracle ACE Director ? | Database, Cloud, and Infrastructure Specialist | ExaCC, Exadata, ZDLRA, MAA Expert | SYM42 Member | LUXOUG Founder and Board Member
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The backup retention is just a reflection of your data retention policy. For example one judicial process that has been running for several years (imagine the amount of modifications that this process passed over the years). So, it can occur that you need to be able to restore the database in several time frames due to audit. Saying that, the backup retention needs to cover your data retention policy. And probably you need to combine data backups with logs backups to guarantee the exact RPO point.

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4 Backup compression

Compression is a technique that reduces the size of backups by eliminating redundant or unnecessary data. Compression can save storage space, network bandwidth, and backup time, but it can also increase CPU usage and decompression time. You should use compression wisely based on your backup type, frequency, retention, and performance requirements.

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5 Backup verification

Verification is a process that checks the validity and integrity of backups by comparing them with the source database or performing a test restore. Verification can ensure that your backups are reliable and usable for recovery, but it can also consume additional resources and time. You should verify your backups regularly based on your backup type, frequency, retention, and risk tolerance.

Backups are a crucial part of DBMS recovery, but they also come with costs. By following these tips, you can balance frequent backups with associated costs and achieve your recovery goals.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Kashif Mehmud

Manager Peoplesoft and Databases at Lahore University of Management Sciences
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Back methodology matters here. Implement full backup and enable compression once a week, rest of the day differential back wich need also compression

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How can you balance frequent backups with associated costs in DBMS recovery?

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6

1 Backup types

2 Backup frequency

3 Backup retention

4 Backup compression

5 Backup verification

6 Here’s what else to consider

Database Administration

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How can you balance frequent backups with associated costs in DBMS recovery?

1

2

3

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5

6

1 Backup types

2 Backup frequency

3 Backup retention

4 Backup compression

5 Backup verification

6 Here’s what else to consider

Database Administration

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