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How can you avoid the disadvantages of using ORM with web frameworks such as Django or Ruby on Rails?

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Object-relational mapping (ORM) is a technique that allows you to interact with databases using an abstract layer of objects and methods, instead of writing raw SQL queries. ORM can simplify and speed up web development, especially when using frameworks such as Django or Ruby on Rails, which come with built-in ORM tools. However, ORM also has some drawbacks, such as performance issues, loss of control, and difficulty in handling complex queries. In this article, you will learn how to avoid some of the common disadvantages of using ORM with web frameworks, and when to use alternative approaches.

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1 Use lazy loading

One of the main reasons why ORM can cause performance problems is that it often fetches more data than you need, or makes multiple queries to retrieve related data. This can result in unnecessary network traffic, memory consumption, and processing time. To avoid this, you can use lazy loading, which is a feature of some ORM tools that allows you to defer the loading of data until you actually access it. For example, in Django, you can use the select_related and prefetch_related methods to optimize the queries for related objects, and only load them when you need them. In Ruby on Rails, you can use the includes and joins methods to achieve the same effect.

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Zohaib Akhter

Software Engineer | MERN Stack developer | Nest.js | Node GRPC | Java | Spring Boot | Microservices | MongoDB | MySQL | AWS | Hostinger | Docker
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To mitigate the disadvantages of using ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) with web frameworks like Django or Ruby on Rails, consider leveraging lazy loading. This approach delays the retrieval of associated data until it's explicitly requested, reducing unnecessary database queries and enhancing performance. By strategically implementing lazy loading, you can optimize resource usage and address potential drawbacks associated with eager loading in ORM-driven web applications.

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2 Use raw SQL when needed

Another disadvantage of ORM is that it may not support some of the advanced features or syntax of your database system, such as stored procedures, triggers, or custom functions. In some cases, ORM may also generate inefficient or incorrect SQL queries, especially for complex or dynamic scenarios. To avoid this, you can use raw SQL when you need to execute specific or optimized queries that are not supported by ORM. For example, in Django, you can use the raw method to execute raw SQL queries and return model instances. In Ruby on Rails, you can use the find_by_sql or execute methods to run raw SQL queries and return ActiveRecord objects or plain results.

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Zohaib Akhter

Software Engineer | MERN Stack developer | Nest.js | Node GRPC | Java | Spring Boot | Microservices | MongoDB | MySQL | AWS | Hostinger | Docker
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To overcome the drawbacks of using ORM in web frameworks like Django or Ruby on Rails, judiciously employ raw SQL when needed. This allows developers to write custom SQL queries for specific, performance-critical tasks, bypassing potential inefficiencies introduced by ORM-generated queries. By strategically incorporating raw SQL, you retain flexibility and control over database interactions, mitigating some of the limitations associated with ORM in certain scenarios.

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3 Use database migrations

A third disadvantage of ORM is that it may create a mismatch between your object model and your database schema, especially when you make changes to your code or data. This can lead to errors, inconsistencies, or data loss. To avoid this, you can use database migrations, which are scripts that allow you to update your database schema according to your object model, or vice versa. Database migrations can also help you track and manage the changes in your database over time, and ensure that your database is compatible with different versions of your code. For example, in Django, you can use the makemigrations and migrate commands to create and apply database migrations. In Ruby on Rails, you can use the rails generate migration and rails db:migrate commands to do the same.

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4 Use ORM best practices

A fourth disadvantage of ORM is that it may introduce some security risks, such as SQL injection attacks, if you are not careful with how you use it. SQL injection attacks are when malicious users insert SQL commands into your input fields or parameters, and trick your ORM tool into executing them on your database. To avoid this, you can use ORM best practices, such as using parameterized queries, validating and sanitizing your inputs, and escaping your outputs. For example, in Django, you can use the Q objects or the F expressions to create parameterized queries, and the forms or the validators modules to validate and sanitize your inputs. In Ruby on Rails, you can use the ActiveRecord methods or the Arel library to create parameterized queries, and the validates or the sanitize helpers to validate and sanitize your inputs.

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5 Use other data access methods

A fifth disadvantage of ORM is that it may not be suitable for some types of data or applications, such as big data, analytics, or real-time processing. ORM is designed for relational databases, which may not be the best choice for handling large volumes, variety, or velocity of data. ORM may also add too much overhead or abstraction for some tasks that require direct or fast access to data. To avoid this, you can use other data access methods, such as NoSQL databases, REST APIs, or data pipelines. For example, in Django, you can use the django-nosql or the django-rest-framework modules to work with NoSQL databases or REST APIs. In Ruby on Rails, you can use the mongoid or the active_model_serializers gems to do the same.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you avoid the disadvantages of using ORM with web frameworks such as Django or Ruby on Rails?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Use lazy loading

2 Use raw SQL when needed

3 Use database migrations

4 Use ORM best practices

5 Use other data access methods

6 Here’s what else to consider

Database Development

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How can you avoid the disadvantages of using ORM with web frameworks such as Django or Ruby on Rails?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Use lazy loading

2 Use raw SQL when needed

3 Use database migrations

4 Use ORM best practices

5 Use other data access methods

6 Here’s what else to consider

Database Development

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