How can wireless power transfer and energy harvesting enable self-sustaining IoT devices in ad hoc networks?

2 WPT and EH benefits

WPT and EH can provide several benefits for IoT devices in ad hoc networks. First, they can extend the battery life or eliminate the need for batteries altogether, reducing the maintenance cost and environmental impact of IoT devices. Second, they can enable adaptive and flexible energy management, allowing IoT devices to adjust their power consumption and performance according to the availability and quality of energy sources. Third, they can enhance the security and reliability of IoT devices, by reducing the exposure to physical attacks or tampering, and by providing backup or alternative power sources in case of failures or disruptions.

3 WPT and EH challenges

WPT and EH also pose some challenges for IoT devices in ad hoc networks. First, they require careful design and optimization of the WPT and EH systems, taking into account the trade-offs between efficiency, distance, alignment, interference, and safety. Second, they need to address the heterogeneity and variability of the energy sources and the IoT devices, by using compatible and interoperable standards and protocols, and by applying smart and dynamic energy allocation and scheduling algorithms. Third, they have to deal with the security and privacy issues of WPT and EH, such as unauthorized access, eavesdropping, jamming, or spoofing, by using encryption, authentication, or blockchain techniques.

4 WPT and EH applications

WPT and EH can enable a variety of applications for IoT devices in ad hoc networks, such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for environmental monitoring, smart agriculture, or disaster management. These networks can provide continuous and autonomous power supply for the sensors and actuators. Additionally, WPT and EH can be used in wireless body area networks (WBANs) for health care, fitness, or wearable devices, offering convenient and comfortable power delivery for the devices attached to or implanted in the human body. Finally, WPT and EH can be applied to wireless charging networks (WCNs) for electric vehicles, drones, or robots to enable wireless and mobile charging for the vehicles and machines.

5 WPT and EH trends

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) and Energy Harvesting (EH) are expected to expand and develop in the future due to the rising demand and innovation of IoT devices in ad hoc networks. This growth can be seen in the integration of WPT and EH with other wireless technologies, such as 5G or 6G, to improve performance, efficiency, and compatibility. Additionally, new WPT and EH methods and devices, such as laser, ultrasound, or nanogenerators, are being developed to extend the range, power, and variety of energy sources and receivers. Lastly, WPT and EH are being adopted in emerging IoT domains like smart cities or smart grids to facilitate more sustainable and intelligent power management and services.

6 Here’s what else to consider

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