How can tidal energy enhance its competitiveness and value proposition compared to other renewable sources?

1 What is tidal energy and how does it work?

Tidal energy is the energy produced by the movement of water caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and the sun. There are two main types of tidal energy: tidal range and tidal stream. Tidal range energy uses the difference in water levels between high and low tides to drive turbines in dams or barrages. Tidal stream energy uses the kinetic energy of the flowing water to spin turbines or rotors in the open sea or in narrow passages. Both types of tidal energy can convert the mechanical energy of the water into electrical energy that can be transmitted to the grid or stored for later use.

2 What are the benefits of tidal energy?

Tidal energy has several benefits that make it an attractive option for renewable energy. First, it is reliable and predictable, as the tides follow a regular cycle that can be forecasted with accuracy. This means that tidal energy can provide a stable and consistent supply of electricity, unlike some other sources of renewable energy that depend on weather conditions, such as solar or wind. Second, it is environmentally friendly, as it does not emit greenhouse gases or pollutants, and has a low visual and noise impact. Moreover, it can create habitats for marine life and support coastal protection and erosion control. Third, it is abundant and widely distributed, as the oceans cover more than 70% of the earth's surface and have a huge potential for energy generation.

3 What are the challenges of tidal energy?

Despite its benefits, tidal energy also faces some challenges that hinder its competitiveness and value proposition in the energy market. First, it is costly and complex, as it requires high upfront capital investment, advanced engineering, and long-term maintenance. The installation and operation of tidal energy devices also pose technical and logistical difficulties, such as grid connection, corrosion, biofouling, and marine safety. Second, it is limited and variable, as it depends on the geographic and tidal characteristics of each location. Not all coastal areas have sufficient tidal range or stream to produce enough electricity, and the output of tidal energy can vary significantly throughout the day and the year. Third, it is uncertain and risky, as it lacks sufficient data, research, and regulation to support its development and deployment. The environmental and social impacts of tidal energy are still not fully understood or assessed, and the legal and policy frameworks for its governance and management are still evolving.

4 How can tidal energy enhance its competitiveness and value proposition?

To improve its competitiveness and value proposition, tidal energy needs to pursue several strategies that can enhance its performance, reduce costs, and increase acceptance. These strategies include fostering technological innovation to optimize energy capture and minimize environmental disturbance, collaborating with different stakeholders to provide funding, incentives, infrastructure, expertise, and feedback, as well as educating the public, the media, and decision-makers about its benefits and opportunities.

5 What are the opportunities for tidal energy in the future?

Tidal energy is a promising renewable energy source that can help the world transition to a low-carbon economy. It is estimated that tidal energy could provide up to 10% of the world's electricity demand by 2050, if the technical and economic barriers are overcome. There are many opportunities for tidal energy in the future, such as growth due to its large potential and untapped locations, integration with other sources of renewable energy and grid services, and innovation through digitalization, automation, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology. Tidal energy can offer great benefits to developing countries and island nations that face energy insecurity and dependence.

6 Here’s what else to consider

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