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How can students use critical reading to recognize and challenge bias in their learning materials?

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Critical reading is a skill that can help students not only understand and evaluate their learning materials, but also recognize and challenge bias in them. Bias is a tendency to favor or oppose certain perspectives, groups, or values, often unconsciously or unintentionally. Bias can affect the accuracy, fairness, and diversity of information and knowledge, and can influence how students think and learn. In this article, you will learn how to use critical reading to identify and question bias in your learning materials, and how to seek out alternative and diverse sources of information.

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Alia Abdulrahman

English Teacher | CELTA Certified

1 What is critical reading?

Critical reading is an active and reflective process that requires analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating the information, arguments, and assumptions presented by the author. As you engage with the text, ask yourself questions such as what is the main purpose and message of the text, who is the intended audience, what evidence and sources does the author use to support their claims, how does the author acknowledge and address different viewpoints and perspectives, what assumptions and values does the author have, and how does the text relate to the broader context and issues. This practice will help you form your own informed opinions, as well as improve your critical thinking and communication skills.

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Abdulrazak Osuntokun

Doctoral student in Teacher Education
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It is important to have an open mindset when reading a test critically. That way, your preconceptions about the text or the author would not obstruct any objective and constructive assessment of the text.

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Edoardo Facchini

Docente presso MIUR | Formatore Networking, competenze digitali, informatica di base |
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Analyze your sources of information is the only possible starting point for a real, profitable, constructive knowledge. With the development of AI and the possibility that it gives people to create knowledge, media, documentation understand which are trustable sources and which aren't, what can be useful to grow as professional as well as man/woman is mandatory. Learn to compare the sources, analyze the materials to understand what is real and what is fake news or allucination is the first competence to develop for us as teacher as well (and more if possible) our students. How to teach it? Start to make source analysis at school and show which elements could led to declare a source as not trustable (then not useful).

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2 How to recognize bias in learning materials

Bias can take many forms in learning materials, such as textbooks, articles, lectures, videos, podcasts, or websites. Examples include selection bias, which is the omission or inclusion of certain information based on the author's preferences; framing bias, which is the presentation of information in a way that emphasizes or downplays certain aspects; language bias, which is the use of words that convey an attitude or emotion; and visual bias, which is the use of images or colors that evoke a certain response. To recognize bias in your learning materials, you can use critical reading strategies such as comparing and contrasting different sources of information on the same topic, identifying and evaluating the author's purpose and audience, examining and questioning the author's assumptions and biases, and analyzing and evaluating the language and visuals used by the author. Doing so will help you understand how these elements affect their choice and presentation of information.

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Abdulrazak Osuntokun

Doctoral student in Teacher Education
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Bias in a text can be deliberate or not. An author's effort to justify most aspects of their work but not peculiar others can spell out bias. If an author does not acknowledge the unique responses of a minority from a large population in a research result, they risk being biased to that minority group(s).

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3 How to challenge bias in learning materials

To challenge bias in your learning materials, you must not accept them at face value, but rather critically examine and question their validity, reliability, and relevance. It is also essential to seek out alternative and diverse sources of information that provide different insights, perspectives, and experiences. Critical reading strategies can be used to challenge bias. These include applying and testing the information presented by the author against your own knowledge and experience, generating your own questions and arguments based on your critical reading of the text, seeking feedback from other readers or experts, and researching additional sources of information. Doing this will help expand your understanding and appreciation of the topic or issue.

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4 Why is critical reading important for diversity, equity, and inclusion?

Diversity, equity, and inclusion are principles and practices that aim to promote and respect the diversity of identities, cultures, and experiences of people, and to ensure that everyone has equal access, opportunity, and participation in society. Critical reading is important for these principles as it can help recognize and challenge bias in learning materials and one's own thinking. Additionally, it can seek out and appreciate alternative sources of information, as well as develop one's own informed opinions. These skills can contribute to constructive dialogue, debate, and action on important topics and issues. Ultimately, critical reading can help individuals become more aware, engaged, and responsible learners and citizens.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Alia Abdulrahman

English Teacher | CELTA Certified
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How to Identify Biases in Learning Material: Any learning material, be it a textbook, an article, a lecture, or a video must be created by an author whose opinions and views are mostly rooted in the social context they belong to. Social contexts are the diverse and conflicting combinations of thoughts, beliefs, legacies, and interests held by a certain community or society. That being said, for someone to identify author prejudices, he or she should look into the background the author is coming from and the deeper voices he or she might be resonating with. Thus, as an educator, it is a good idea to make your students aware of the author of a reading material they are reading in class to uncover any potential biases in it.

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How can students use critical reading to recognize and challenge bias in their learning materials?

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1 What is critical reading?

2 How to recognize bias in learning materials

3 How to challenge bias in learning materials

4 Why is critical reading important for diversity, equity, and inclusion?

5 Here’s what else to consider

K-12 Education

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How can students use critical reading to recognize and challenge bias in their learning materials?

1

2

3

4

5

1 What is critical reading?

2 How to recognize bias in learning materials

3 How to challenge bias in learning materials

4 Why is critical reading important for diversity, equity, and inclusion?

5 Here’s what else to consider

K-12 Education

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