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Last updated on 2024年9月6日

How can SATCOM operators optimize their frequency allocation and spectrum management strategies?

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Frequency allocation and spectrum management are crucial aspects of satellite communications (SATCOM) operations, as they determine the quality, reliability, and efficiency of the links between satellites and ground stations. However, these tasks are not always easy, as SATCOM operators face various challenges such as interference, congestion, regulation, and coordination. In this article, you will learn some strategies to optimize your frequency allocation and spectrum management practices and improve your SATCOM performance.

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M Khairuzzaman (Zaman)

Snr. Engineering Dev Manager, Chartered Engineer (CEng), PhD in Laser Optics & Photonics, MEng in Coherent Optical…
Patrick Satchell

Engineer | Driving Innovation and Growth | Leader
Willie Perez

B2C Research Lab Engineering Manager

1 Understand your requirements

The first step to optimize your frequency allocation and spectrum management is to understand your own requirements and objectives. You need to assess your current and future needs for bandwidth, coverage, availability, and security, as well as your budget and resources. You also need to identify your primary and secondary users, their applications and services, and their quality of service expectations. By defining your requirements clearly, you can prioritize your frequency and spectrum needs and allocate them accordingly.

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2 Choose the right frequency band

The second step is to choose the right frequency band for your SATCOM operation. Different frequency bands have different characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages, depending on factors such as propagation, attenuation, interference, capacity, and regulation. For example, lower frequency bands such as L-band and S-band offer wider coverage, better penetration, and lower interference, but they have limited bandwidth and higher congestion. Higher frequency bands such as Ku-band and Ka-band offer higher bandwidth, lower congestion, and smaller antennas, but they have higher attenuation, lower availability, and more interference. You need to weigh the pros and cons of each frequency band and select the one that best suits your requirements and constraints.

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3 Manage your interference

The third step is to manage your interference, which is one of the main sources of degradation and disruption in SATCOM operations. Interference can occur due to various reasons, such as adjacent satellite or terrestrial signals, co-channel or cross-polarization signals, atmospheric or ionospheric effects, or intentional or unintentional jamming. You need to monitor, detect, identify, locate, and mitigate interference sources, using techniques such as frequency coordination, spectrum monitoring, interference cancellation, adaptive modulation and coding, beamforming, and encryption.

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Patrick Satchell

Engineer | Driving Innovation and Growth | Leader
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Keep in mind that the lower end of the C band spectrum is assign to 5G . you will see a lot of interference if you are using these frequencies.

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4 Optimize your spectrum utilization

The fourth step is to optimize your spectrum utilization, which is the measure of how efficiently you use your allocated frequency and bandwidth. Spectrum utilization can be improved by using techniques such as frequency reuse, multiple access, modulation and coding, compression, and multiplexing. Frequency reuse is the practice of using the same frequency in different geographic areas or beams, by separating them spatially or orthogonally. Multiple access is the practice of allowing multiple users to share the same frequency or channel, by dividing them temporally, spatially, or code-wise. Modulation and coding are the practices of adjusting the signal parameters and redundancy to match the channel conditions and data rate. Compression is the practice of reducing the size of the data to be transmitted. Multiplexing is the practice of combining multiple signals into one signal, by using different frequencies, time slots, or codes.

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Willie Perez

B2C Research Lab Engineering Manager
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even if the lower spectrum is assigned to C-Band, the satellite link will not be disturbed. The P5G that uses the 3800-3900 MHz will not be disturbed too since to receive the signal from a satellite in C-Band, you need a big parabolic dish which we know how it works

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5 Comply with the regulations

The fifth step is to comply with the regulations, which are the rules and standards that govern the use of frequency and spectrum in SATCOM operations. Regulations are set by national and international authorities, such as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), or the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). Regulations cover aspects such as frequency allocation, spectrum licensing, interference management, coordination procedures, technical specifications, and operational guidelines. You need to follow the regulations to avoid conflicts, penalties, or legal issues with other SATCOM operators or regulators.

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6 Coordinate with other stakeholders

The sixth step is to coordinate with other stakeholders, which are the entities that have an interest or influence in your SATCOM operation. Stakeholders include other SATCOM operators, satellite service providers, satellite manufacturers, ground station operators, end users, regulators, and industry associations. Coordination is the process of communicating, collaborating, and negotiating with stakeholders to achieve mutual benefits and goals. Coordination can help you to avoid or resolve interference issues, share information and best practices, access new opportunities and markets, and influence policy and regulation.

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M Khairuzzaman (Zaman)

Snr. Engineering Dev Manager, Chartered Engineer (CEng), PhD in Laser Optics & Photonics, MEng in Coherent Optical Communication Systems
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I think an alternative option for spectrum strategies would be to deploy and use optical links in SATCOM operation where possible. Due to shorter wavelength (higher frequency), optical technologies offer a better ranging resolution than with RF intersatellite link solutions. For example, optical links offer a very attractive solution for intersatellite links in terms of size, weight and power while providing multi gigabit per second data rate capabilities. In addition, optical communication links offer high operational security and immunity to interference sources while benefitting from a non-regulated optical frequency spectrum.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can SATCOM operators optimize their frequency allocation and spectrum management strategies?

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1 Understand your requirements

2 Choose the right frequency band

3 Manage your interference

4 Optimize your spectrum utilization

5 Comply with the regulations

6 Coordinate with other stakeholders

7 Here’s what else to consider

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