How can parking management strategies reduce the demand for car travel and parking spaces?

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Parking is often a major factor that influences how people choose to travel and where they live, work, shop, and recreate. However, parking also has significant costs and impacts on the environment, the economy, and the quality of life. In this article, you will learn how parking management strategies can help reduce the demand for car travel and parking spaces, and what benefits they can bring to your community.

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Kevin Warwood

Chief Executive Officer Prestige Parking, Author
Behzad Bamdad Mehrabani, PhD

Traffic Engineer | Urban Mobility & Transport Solutions Expert | Project Manager | Researcher

1 What is parking management?

Parking management is the planning, design, operation, and regulation of parking facilities and services. It requires the implementation of various policies and measures to optimize the use of existing and future parking supply, as well as influencing the demand for parking and car travel. Examples of these strategies include pricing parking according to location, time, and demand; implementing parking maximums or caps; encouraging shared parking among different users and land uses; providing preferential parking for carpoolers, electric vehicles, or other modes; supporting park-and-ride facilities and transit-oriented development; and enhancing the availability and quality of information on parking options and alternatives.

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Kevin Warwood

Chief Executive Officer Prestige Parking, Author
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Parking management strategies are simply the balancing of supply and demand on an individual off-street site or a group of related on-street car parks. The problem is that high level parking management belongs to municipalities and governments, who, through their ignorance (in the true definition of the word), have no idea that since they do not influence the commuter through high-level communication and social media strategies, commuters will drive into the city expecting a car park. They are responsible for traffic jams and overuse of the road network. The solution is to provide information to commuters each day; they decide (not forced) which method they will use to travel, and traffic is reduced, car parks are managed better. Simple.

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2 Why is parking management important?

Parking management can help address various challenges and goals related to transportation, land use, and sustainability. It can reduce traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions by discouraging solo driving and encouraging mode shift to transit, cycling, walking, or carsharing. It can also improve the efficiency and equity of parking provision and utilization by allocating parking resources more fairly and rationally. Additionally, it can save money and space by reducing the need for building and maintaining excess parking supply. Moreover, it can enhance the livability and attractiveness of urban areas by creating more space for greenery, public amenities, and pedestrian and bicycle facilities. Finally, it can support local economic development and vitality by improving the accessibility and diversity of destinations and activities.

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3 How to implement parking management?

Implementing parking management requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach that involves various stakeholders, such as planners, engineers, developers, businesses, residents, and users. Thus, it is important to conduct a parking inventory and assessment to understand the existing and projected parking supply and demand, as well as identify the issues and opportunities. Afterward, develop a parking management plan that defines the goals, objectives, strategies, and actions for managing parking in a specific area or context. Engaging with the public and affected parties to solicit feedback and address concerns is essential for building support for the parking management plan. Additionally, it is important to implement and monitor the parking management strategies and measures while adjusting them as needed based on performance and outcomes. Lastly, evaluate and report the impacts of the plan while also identifying lessons learned and best practices.

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4 What are some examples of parking management?

Parking management is not a one-size-fits-all solution, but rather a flexible and context-specific tool that can be tailored to different situations and needs. For example, San Francisco's SFpark program uses dynamic pricing to adjust the parking rates based on real-time occupancy data, aiming to ensure that there is always one or two available spaces per block. This reduces cruising for parking, improves turnover, and generates revenue for transportation improvements. In Portland, Oregon, the Central City Parking Policy Update sets maximum parking ratios for new developments in the downtown and adjacent areas, and requires them to provide transportation demand management (TDM) measures, such as transit passes, bike parking, or carshare memberships. In Copenhagen, Denmark, the city has gradually reduced the number of on-street parking spaces by 2-3% per year since 2009, and converted them into bike lanes, parklets, or other public spaces. This has improved safety and comfort for cyclists and pedestrians while supporting their goal of becoming carbon neutral by 2025.

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Behzad Bamdad Mehrabani, PhD

Traffic Engineer | Urban Mobility & Transport Solutions Expert | Project Manager | Researcher
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Increasing parking fees in city centers is a straightforward traditional method for managing parking and discouraging car usage. This strategy relies on the premise that higher costs will motivate individuals to opt for alternative transportation methods, such as bicycles or public transit. However, the effectiveness of this approach hinges on the availability of the necessary infrastructure to support these alternatives. Amsterdam serves as a prime example of a city that has successfully utilized this method, not only by raising parking prices but also by investing in the development of comprehensive bike lane networks, thereby encouraging a shift from car to bicycle use.

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5 What are some challenges and barriers to parking management?

Parking management can be difficult due to the resistance from drivers who view parking as a right or necessity, as well as opposition from businesses worried about the impacts on their customers or employees. Additionally, there is often a lack of data and tools to measure and monitor parking supply and demand, as well as evaluate the benefits of parking management. Furthermore, there may be a lack of coordination or cooperation among different agencies, jurisdictions, or sectors with different roles or interests in parking management. Finally, there may be a lack of funding or resources to implement or enforce parking management strategies.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Jon Barsanti

Seeking New Opportunity
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Transportation Oriented Development can help reduce the need for parking and increase transit ridership. TOD can help reduce the number of vehicles that residents need. "Trip and parking generation at transit-oriented developments: Five US case studies" Ewing, Reid et al Landscape and Urban Planning Volume 160, April 2017, Pages 69-78

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How can parking management strategies reduce the demand for car travel and parking spaces?

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1 What is parking management?

2 Why is parking management important?

3 How to implement parking management?

4 What are some examples of parking management?

5 What are some challenges and barriers to parking management?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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