How can GIS identify and prevent geohazards?

1 Data sources and methods

GIS can use various data sources and methods to identify and map geohazards. Some of the common data sources are satellite imagery, aerial photography, topographic maps, geologic maps, soil maps, and field surveys. Some of the common methods are remote sensing, digital elevation models, slope analysis, overlay analysis, and spatial statistics. By combining different data sources and methods, GIS can create detailed and accurate maps of geohazard zones, such as landslide susceptibility, earthquake intensity, volcanic hazard, flood extent, and coastal vulnerability.

3 Geohazard mitigation and prevention

GIS can also help mitigate and prevent geohazards by providing information and solutions for decision making and action. For example, GIS can identify and prioritize the areas that need protection, restoration, or relocation. GIS can also design and evaluate the effectiveness of geohazard mitigation measures, such as retaining walls, drainage systems, seismic retrofitting, evacuation routes, and warning systems. By using geohazard mitigation and prevention, GIS can help reduce the exposure and vulnerability of people and assets to geohazards.

4 GIS challenges and opportunities

GIS is not without challenges and limitations when it comes to identifying and preventing geohazards. Some of the challenges are data availability, quality, and compatibility; methodological uncertainty and complexity; and ethical and legal issues. However, GIS also offers many opportunities and advantages for geohazard management. Some of the opportunities are data integration, visualization, and dissemination; methodological innovation and improvement; and stakeholder engagement and collaboration.

5 GIS best practices and resources

To use GIS effectively and efficiently for identifying and preventing geohazards, you need to follow some best practices and use some reliable resources. Some of the best practices are defining the objectives and scope of the project; selecting the appropriate data sources and methods; conducting quality control and validation; communicating the results and uncertainties; and updating and maintaining the data and maps. Some of the reliable resources are online platforms, databases, and tools that provide access to geohazard data, maps, models, and guidelines. For example, you can use the Global Geohazards Information System (GGIS), the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS), and the Natural Hazards Viewer (NHV).

6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?