GIS can be applied to a wide range of business sectors and functions, such as retail, health care, finance, agriculture, and energy. For example, retailers can use GIS to analyze customer behavior, optimize store locations, manage inventory, and design marketing campaigns. Health care providers can use GIS to improve patient care, monitor disease outbreaks, allocate resources, and evaluate health outcomes. Financial institutions can use GIS to assess credit risk, detect fraud, optimize branch networks, and provide financial inclusion. Farmers can use GIS to increase crop yield, reduce input costs, monitor soil and water quality, and manage pests and diseases. Energy companies can use GIS to explore and exploit resources, plan and construct infrastructure, manage demand and supply, and reduce environmental impact - all based on spatial data and maps.