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Here's how you can master the key networking concepts interviewers focus on during an interview.

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When you're gearing up for a job interview in the field of computer networking, it's crucial to have a solid grasp of the key concepts that interviewers often focus on. Understanding these core principles not only demonstrates your technical proficiency but also shows your potential employer that you're well-prepared and serious about your career in this dynamic and essential sector of IT. By mastering these concepts, you can confidently navigate through the toughest questions and leave a lasting impression on your interviewer.

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Ernani Fantinatti

University of Toronto (DSI) | Master of Engineering in S&T at McMaster University | Lifelong learner | Cloud AWS | Data…
Sebasti?o Burralho

Analista de Suporte em Sistemas e Redes | Especialista em Infraestrutura de TI | Redes de Computadores | Noc | VoIP |…
Ing. Percy Venturo

Ingeniero Electrónico especialista en Redes de Telecomunicaciones y Sistemas de Seguridad Electrónica

1 OSI Model

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model is a fundamental concept in networking that you'll want to be comfortable discussing. It's a seven-layer framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology. Be prepared to explain each layer and its function, from the Physical Layer (Layer 1), which deals with the physical connection between devices, up to the Application Layer (Layer 7), where end-user services are implemented. Understanding the OSI Model will allow you to articulate how different networking protocols interact and operate within a network.

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Ernani Fantinatti

University of Toronto (DSI) | Master of Engineering in S&T at McMaster University | Lifelong learner | Cloud AWS | Data Science & Engineering | Problem Solver | Consultant | FICS & FACS Instructor
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OSI Model is a seven-layer framework that standardizes the functions of telecommunication or computing systems without regard to their underlying architecture, thus making interconnections easier. 1. Physical Layer (Layer 1): Deals with the physical connection between devices. 2. Data Link Layer (Layer 2): Manages the node-to-node data transfer. 3. Network Layer (Layer 3): Handles data routing between different networks. 4. Transport Layer (Layer 4): Ensures reliable data transfer. 5. Session Layer (Layer 5): Manages sessions between applications. 6. Presentation Layer (Layer 6): Translates data for the application layer. 7. Application Layer (Layer 7): Provides network services to end-users.

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2 IP Addressing

IP (Internet Protocol) addressing is a cornerstone of networking that enables devices to locate and identify each other on a network. You should understand how IP addresses are structured, the difference between IPv4 and IPv6, and how subnetting works. Be ready to explain the concept of DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), which automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network, and NAT (Network Address Translation), which allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address. Knowledge of IP addressing is essential for network design and troubleshooting.

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3 Routing Basics

Routing is the process by which data packets are forwarded from one network to another. In your interview, you may be asked to explain static versus dynamic routing, routing protocols like OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) and BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), and the role of routers. Be familiar with the concept of a routing table and how it's used to determine the best path for data transmission. Understanding routing is critical for managing network traffic and ensuring efficient data flow across networks.

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4 Network Security

Network security is a top concern for organizations, so expect interview questions about firewall configurations, VPNs (Virtual Private Networks), and security protocols like SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security). You should be able to discuss the importance of encrypting data, implementing intrusion detection systems, and following best practices for securing a network against threats. Demonstrating your knowledge of network security shows that you're capable of protecting an organization's data and network infrastructure.

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Ing. Percy Venturo

Ingeniero Electrónico especialista en Redes de Telecomunicaciones y Sistemas de Seguridad Electrónica
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Este punto es indispensable que lo conozca un ingeniero de redes, por eso es necesario haber llevado un curso complementario de seguridad y/o equipamiento Firewall de algún proveedor para tener fundamentos más claros.

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Ernani Fantinatti

University of Toronto (DSI) | Master of Engineering in S&T at McMaster University | Lifelong learner | Cloud AWS | Data Science & Engineering | Problem Solver | Consultant | FICS & FACS Instructor
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That's a perfect point to our actual well known issues in the corporate world through the news. For Network Security we need to framework the following itens: - Firewalls, VPNs, SSL/TLS: Key measures, always! - Encryption: Protects data, specially using PGP with strong keys. - Intrusion Detection: Monitors threats and AI now-a-ways can help it in a inteligently way, but with always a human touch and well structured project management and communication. - Best Practices: Essential for network security.

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5 Troubleshooting Techniques

Troubleshooting is an essential skill for any network professional. Be prepared to discuss common networking issues, such as IP conflicts or DNS (Domain Name System) problems, and the tools you'd use to diagnose them, like ping, traceroute, or network analyzers. Explain your approach to solving these problems systematically, emphasizing your analytical skills and attention to detail. Effective troubleshooting techniques are invaluable in maintaining network performance and reliability.

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Ernani Fantinatti

University of Toronto (DSI) | Master of Engineering in S&T at McMaster University | Lifelong learner | Cloud AWS | Data Science & Engineering | Problem Solver | Consultant | FICS & FACS Instructor
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Approach: > Identify the Issue: Gather symptoms and error messages. > Isolate the Problem: Use tools like ping, traceroute, and network analyzers to pinpoint the source. > Analyze: Check configurations, logs, and documentation. Look for common issues like IP conflicts or DNS errors. > Implement Solutions: Apply fixes methodically, testing each change. > Document: Record the issue and solution for future reference. Emphasis: > Analytical Skills: Systematic analysis of symptoms and data. > Attention to Detail: Thoroughly check each potential cause and validate solutions. > Tools: Use diagnostic tools effectively.

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6 Wireless Networking

Wireless networking is ubiquitous, so understanding WiFi standards, configuration, and security is important. Interviewers may ask about the differences between 802.11 network standards, setting up SSIDs (Service Set Identifiers), and securing wireless networks with WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) or WPA3. Be ready to discuss how you would optimize a wireless network for performance and how to troubleshoot common wireless connectivity issues. Mastery of wireless networking concepts shows you're equipped to handle modern network environments.

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Sebasti?o Burralho

Analista de Suporte em Sistemas e Redes | Especialista em Infraestrutura de TI | Redes de Computadores | Noc | VoIP | CCTV | Biometria
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Uma vez fui atender um cliente que n?o conseguia trabalhar na rede wifi... Fazendo algumas perguntas informou-me que trocou os APs e dali pra frente dois problemas ele estava a enfrentar: 1. Alguns PCs n?o conectavam a wifi; 2. Alguns PCs que estavam a se conectar a wifi volte meia perdiam a conex?o, muita latência e ineficácia no roaming. ------------------------------------ No ponto 1, notei que os APs só operavam na frequência de 5Ghz e os PCs na 2,4Ghz, como solu??o ligou se a cabo. No Ponto 2, notei que alguns APs estavam a operar no mesmo canal e noutros a operarem em canais adjacentes, como solu??o foi atribuir um canal diferente a cada AP e diminuiu-se a largura de banda a 20Mhz para evitar interferência entre canais adjacentes.

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Ernani Fantinatti

University of Toronto (DSI) | Master of Engineering in S&T at McMaster University | Lifelong learner | Cloud AWS | Data Science & Engineering | Problem Solver | Consultant | FICS & FACS Instructor
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Key points: > WiFi Standards: Differences between 802.11 standards (802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax). > SSID Configuration: Setting up and managing Service Set Identifiers. > Security: Using WPA2 or WPA3 to secure networks. The latter one is still new. > Optimization: Techniques to enhance wireless network performance. > Troubleshooting: Addressing common connectivity issues.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Sylvester Johnson Jr.

Business Owner
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I agree with everything stated. Learn as much as you can from books, classes, and if possible, hands-on experiences. Be prepared to impress with your knowledge and understanding of all the concepts, even some not being heavily used anymore. You never know what their current infrastructure is or where they want to take it.

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Ernani Fantinatti

University of Toronto (DSI) | Master of Engineering in S&T at McMaster University | Lifelong learner | Cloud AWS | Data Science & Engineering | Problem Solver | Consultant | FICS & FACS Instructor
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Extras =) > Emerging Technologies: Stay updated on advancements like SDN (Software-Defined Networking) and NFV (Network Functions Virtualization). > Cloud Networking: Understand how networking works in cloud environments, including AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud. Don't forget Oracle as well. > Automation: Learn about network automation tools and scripting for efficient network management. Python is a good catch! > Soft Skills: Communication and teamwork are vital for network professionals, especially when troubleshooting and implementing solutions.

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Here's how you can master the key networking concepts interviewers focus on during an interview.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 OSI Model

2 IP Addressing

3 Routing Basics

4 Network Security

5 Troubleshooting Techniques

6 Wireless Networking

7 Here’s what else to consider

Computer Networking

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Here's how you can master the key networking concepts interviewers focus on during an interview.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 OSI Model

2 IP Addressing

3 Routing Basics

4 Network Security

5 Troubleshooting Techniques

6 Wireless Networking

7 Here’s what else to consider

Computer Networking

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