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Last updated on 2024年7月6日

Here's how you can enhance your understanding of video streaming protocols and technologies.

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Understanding video streaming protocols and technologies is crucial in today's digital landscape, where streaming content is ubiquitous. Whether you're a content creator, a technical enthusiast, or simply curious about how your favorite shows reach your screen, grasping the underlying mechanisms can be both enlightening and practical. This knowledge can help you troubleshoot issues, optimize streaming quality, and even guide you towards a career in the burgeoning field of video technology. By delving into the intricacies of streaming protocols and the technologies that support them, you'll gain a deeper appreciation for the complex journey from server to screen.

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1 Basics First

To start enhancing your understanding of video streaming, it's essential to grasp the basics of how streaming works. Video streaming is the process of transmitting content in compressed form over the internet and playing it in real-time without downloading it first. Protocols, such as Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) and HTTP Live Streaming (HLS), govern how data is transmitted. RTMP was once the standard for streaming, allowing for low-latency communication between a media server and a flash player. However, HLS has gained popularity due to its compatibility with mobile devices and adaptive bitrate streaming, which adjusts video quality on the fly based on a user's internet speed.

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Samuel Bars

étudiant @ 42 Lausanne en Intelligence Artificielle et base de données
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That's forgetting DASH, the second most popular protocol. Covers a ton of codecs, more than HLS and works pretty much anywhere (except safari in ios, which is an oddly rare place to watch streams). DASH also has adaptive bitrate streaming, works with the video tag in html, etc. Also compatible with video.js, which makes it easier to improve the video player on the frontend

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2 Explore HLS

Diving deeper into HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) will reveal why it's the preferred protocol for many streaming services. HLS works by breaking down a stream into a sequence of small HTTP-based file downloads, each containing a short segment of an overall potentially unbounded transport stream. As the stream is played, the client adjusts the quality of the video by choosing from a variety of different bitrate streams that are available. This adaptability makes HLS ideal for delivering content reliably across diverse network conditions and device capabilities. Understanding how HLS operates and its advantages can significantly improve your grasp of streaming technologies.

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Samuel Bars

étudiant @ 42 Lausanne en Intelligence Artificielle et base de données
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Adaptive bitrate is very useful as outlined, but that's not why HLS is king. Plenty other video streaming protocols implement this, but HLS is very widely supported/used, so I'm guessing integration into every random library and tool is what makes it the leader. And it's supported on every platform/device

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3 RTMP Insights

While HLS is prevalent, Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) still plays a role in live streaming. It's important to understand RTMP's strengths, such as maintaining low latency, which is crucial for real-time communication applications like broadcasting live events. RTMP facilitates a persistent connection between the server and player, enabling dynamic streaming and interactive experiences. Even though RTMP is less common for delivery to end-users due to the decline of Flash Player, it's often used in the production and broadcast chain where latency is a critical factor.

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4 Codecs and Containers

Next, familiarize yourself with codecs and containers, as they are integral to video streaming. A codec compresses and decompresses digital video, while a container formats the video and audio streams together with metadata for synchronization. Popular codecs include H.264 and H.265, with H.265 offering better compression rates at the expense of higher computational power. Containers like MP4, MKV, and AVI encapsulate the data streams. Knowing which combinations work best for specific streaming scenarios can help you optimize your own streaming projects or better understand the playback issues you might encounter.

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5 Network Nuances

The network's role in video streaming cannot be overlooked. Bandwidth, latency, and packet loss directly affect streaming quality. Protocols like Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) handle data transmission differently; TCP ensures data integrity but can introduce latency, while UDP is faster but less reliable. Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) also play a crucial part in delivering content efficiently by caching data closer to the end-user, thus reducing latency and buffering. Grasping these concepts will help you troubleshoot and optimize streaming performance.

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Samuel Bars

étudiant @ 42 Lausanne en Intelligence Artificielle et base de données
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TCP is what everyone will use (it's literally the protocol of the internet). UDP can be very useful in closed systems, rarely outside (if I'm remembering right it's less secure, and just minuscule adoption compared to TCP). Trading platforms for example may use it internally to send data to all the traders of their platform simultaneously (very important to avoid traders to take advantage of the queueing, latency etc). I don't know much about CDNs yet. What I see is another intermediary I don't want to deal with for now, but seems interesting (I believe Netflix uses one for example)

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6 Stay Updated

Finally, staying updated with the latest trends and technologies in video streaming is vital. The field is rapidly evolving with new standards like MPEG-DASH and improvements in cloud-based streaming solutions. Engaging with online communities, following industry news, and experimenting with new tools will keep your knowledge fresh. Continuous learning will not only enhance your understanding but also prepare you for future innovations in video streaming technology.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Here's how you can enhance your understanding of video streaming protocols and technologies.

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1 Basics First

2 Explore HLS

3 RTMP Insights

4 Codecs and Containers

5 Network Nuances

6 Stay Updated

7 Here’s what else to consider

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